court Archives

I want to end my marriage, but my spouse won’t grant me a divorce.

by Shawn Weber, JD, CLS-F* | May 12, 2026 | Family & Divorce Mediation

Your spouse says they won’t agree to a divorce. Maybe they said it outright. Maybe they just refuse to engage. Either way, you need to know something: in California, you do not need their permission.

California is a no-fault state. The law does not require both spouses to agree that the marriage is over. One person can decide, and that decision is enough.

Here is how the law actually works, and what your options look like when the other side won’t cooperate.

The Two Grounds for Divorce in California

The California Family Code (§2310) recognizes two grounds for divorce: irreconcilable differences and permanent legal incapacity to make decisions.

Nearly every divorce in California is filed under irreconcilable differences. The statute defines that term broadly. Under California Family Code §2311, irreconcilable differences are “substantial reasons for not continuing the marriage” that make it appear the marriage should be dissolved. The law does not require you to list specific complaints. It does not ask you to prove fault. Under Family Code §2335, evidence of specific acts of misconduct, including infidelity or abuse, is inadmissible in a dissolution proceeding.

The second ground, permanent legal incapacity, requires competent medical or psychiatric testimony that the other spouse permanently lacks the capacity to make decisions (Family C o de §2312). This ground is rarely used. If you are reading this post, irreconcilable differences is almost certainly the basis for your case.

Your Spouse Cannot Block the Divorce

This is the part that matters most to people in your situation.

Once you file a petition citing irreconcilable differences, the other spouse cannot successfully contest it. The California Court of Appeal addressed this directly in In re Marriage of Greenway (2013). The court held that the decision that a marriage is irretrievably broken does not need to be based on objective facts. The code does not require proof that both parties agree. It requires the court to find substantial reasons for not continuing the marriage.

In practice, the standard is even simpler than the case law suggests. In over 23 years of family law work, I have never seen a court deny a dissolution when one party wanted out. It takes one person to get a divorce in California. The court will not sustain objections to a plea of irreconcilable differences.

Your spouse can refuse to participate. They can refuse to sign papers. They can refuse to show up. None of that stops the process.

What Actually Happens When Your Spouse Won’t Cooperate

The court process still moves forward. Here is what it looks like in practice.

You file a petition for dissolution with the court, citing irreconcilable differences. You then have your spouse served with the papers. Service puts them on legal notice that the case is open.

If your spouse does not respond within 30 days, you can request a default. A default means the court can proceed without their participation. You submit your proposed judgment, and the court reviews it. If your spouse never engages, the court can enter the judgment based on what you have presented.

If your spouse does respond but remains difficult, the case proceeds through the normal litigation track. The court will schedule hearings. It will make orders. Your spouse’s refusal to cooperate may slow things down, but it will not stop the divorce from happening.

The minimum timeline in California is six months from the date of service. That clock runs whether or not your spouse participates.

There Is a Better Way to Do This

The court process works. But it is expensive, slow, and adversarial by design. If there is any possibility of getting your spouse to the table, mediation or collaborative divorce will usually produce a better outcome for both of you.

Mediation

In mediation, a neutral mediator sits with both of you and works through the issues: property division, support, custody, parenting plans. The mediator does not make decisions for you. The mediator helps you have the conversation and reach your own agreement.

This matters in your situation for a specific reason. A spouse who says “I won’t grant you a divorce” is often really saying “I am not ready” or “I feel like I have no control over this.” Mediation gives that person a seat at the table. It gives them a role in shaping what happens next. That shift, from feeling powerless to having a say in the outcome, often changes the entire dynamic.

Mediation is private. Nothing said in the room becomes part of the public record. The solutions can be tailored to your family in ways a court order cannot. And the cost is typically a fraction of litigation.

Collaborative Divorce

In collaborative divorce, each spouse has their own attorney, but both sides commit at the outset to reaching a settlement without going to court. The attorneys work together rather than against each other. Financial specialists and divorce coaches can be brought in as needed.

The commitment to stay out of court is what gives collaborative divorce its structure. Everyone at the table has agreed to solve the problem, not fight about it. For a reluctant spouse, this can feel safer than litigation. They are not being dragged into a courtroom. They are being invited into a process where they have real participation and real representation.

Both mediation and collaborative divorce are built to handle the emotional difficulty that comes with ending a marriage. Trained professionals manage the hard conversations. That matters when one spouse did not want this.

The Bottom Line

You do not need your spouse’s agreement to get a divorce in California. The law is clear on that point, and the courts enforce it consistently.

The only real question is how you get through the process. You can litigate, and the court will eventually grant the divorce whether your spouse cooperates or not. Or you can try mediation or collaborative divorce, which may bring your spouse into the process voluntarily and produce an outcome that works better for everyone.

Dividing the Stuff: Dividing Personal Property in a Divorce Without Losing Your Cool

by Shawn Weber, JD, CLS-F* | Dec 1, 2025 | Family & Divorce Mediation

For many people, dividing personal property in divorce ends up being harder than dividing money.

It surprises them.

The house, the retirement accounts, even support can feel abstract. The furniture, dishes, artwork, photos, and small personal items are not. Those things lived with you. They witnessed the relationship. They carry stories. The house is the marriage museum.

I have seen couples who resolved complex financial issues fairly quickly, only to grind to a halt over pots and pans, the washer and dryer, or a box of knick-knacks collected over years of shared life. Often the items themselves are not especially valuable. What they represent is.

A piece of artwork recalls a trip taken when things were still good. The silver marks a milestone anniversary. A small figurine was a gift from a child. By the time people reach this stage of divorce, they are already emotionally spent. Dividing personal property can reopen grief in a very tangible way.

Below are some practical guidelines that consistently help people move through this part of the process with less conflict and less expense.

Start with realistic values

When dividing personal property in a divorce, courts generally value household items at garage sale value. That is a useful reality check.

Unless you own rare artwork, high-end antiques, or something truly unique, most household items have limited resale value. Emotional meaning can quietly inflate perceived worth, which makes agreement harder. When in doubt, ask a simple question: what would a neutral third party realistically pay for this item used?

Keeping values grounded helps keep conversations grounded.

Handle most items without lawyers

It rarely makes sense to involve attorneys in deciding who gets the couch, the coffee maker, or the bath mat. Legal fees add up quickly, and disputes over dividing personal property in a divorce can consume time and money out of proportion to their importance.

For high-value or unusual items, professional guidance can be appropriate. For most household property, people are better served handling it directly or with the help of a mediator or coach.

Create an inventory before dividing anything

Before decisions are made, it helps to know what actually exists. In other words, it helps to define the pie before dividing the pie.

Some people prefer a written list. Others find it easier to walk through the home with a phone or camera and record each room. That record can then be used to create a list later. The method matters less than having a shared reference point.

When dividing personal property in a divorce, an inventory reduces suspicion and keeps the process organized.

Use a simple sorting system

One approach that works well for dividing personal property in a divorce is to sort items into clear categories:

Items one person will keep
Items the other person will keep
Items to sell and divide the proceeds
Items to donate or discard

Notice what is missing. There is no category for items people cannot agree on.

When agreement is impossible, selling or donating the item is often the cleanest solution. Another option is taking turns choosing disputed items until they are gone. For highly sentimental objects, some couples choose to pass them on to their children.

The goal is progress, not perfect fairness.

Make a plan for photos and videos

Photographs and videos deserve special care.

I often recommend setting a date when both people will make photos and videos from the marriage available to each other. Each person can then choose what they want duplicated. With current technology, scanning and digital copying are relatively easy and affordable. Sharing duplication costs evenly tends to feel fair.

This approach allows both people to preserve memories without turning them into bargaining chips.

Understand how the law treats pets

Many people are surprised to learn that, legally, pets are considered property. Courts generally have limited patience for extended pet disputes and may order outcomes that satisfy neither person.

Because of that reality, it is usually far better for people to work out pet arrangements themselves. Focus on the animal’s needs and daily life rather than ownership language. Doing so often leads to better outcomes for everyone involved.

Take extra care when safety is an issue

In cases involving domestic violence or restraining orders, dividing personal property requires additional planning.

Direct contact may not be appropriate or allowed. Attorneys, mediators, or agreed-upon third parties can help coordinate inventories and exchanges. Legal orders must be respected, even when emotions are high or items feel urgent.

Dividing personal property in a divorce isn’t worth compromising safety or violating court orders.

See the opportunity in the process

Many people eventually describe dividing personal property in a divorce as unexpectedly clarifying.

Letting go of objects tied to an old chapter can create space for something new. When the process is handled thoughtfully, it can feel less like a loss and more like a transition.

If the emotional weight becomes overwhelming, a divorce coach or neutral professional can provide support at a fraction of the cost of extended legal conflict.

Dividing personal property does not have to become another battleground. With patience, structure, and realistic expectations, most couples can move through it with minimal professional intervention.

At the end of the day, these are things. How you handle them will shape how much conflict you carry forward.ips to divide personal property, san diego divorce, san diego divorce attorney, Shawn Weber, san diego divorce mediator

Early intervention: Why mediation early in a family law case can save a fortune in fees and stress.

by Shawn Weber, JD, CLS-F* | Dec 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

As a certified family law specialist (CLS-F)[i], I have been involved in divorce mediation and alternate dispute resolution (ADR) for more than 15 years. I regularly serve as a pro tem settlement judge on the Mandatory Settlement Conference (MSC) Panel with the San Diego County Superior Court. While I enjoy helping folks through their MSCs, the help is simply too little too late for many people. Often preparation for the MSC is nearly as stressful and costly as preparing for the trial. In addition, lawyers need to certify that discovery is complete and prepare elaborate briefs. Waiting until the very end of a case to attempt mediation does the parties and the professionals a great disservice. I see this in the pained and stressed-out expressions on parties and counsel at the MSCs I facilitate.

There are many options at the beginning of the case to settle issues, manage discovery concerns and resolve unnecessary conflict. Even (and especially) high conflict cases can benefit from earlier intervention with a mediator to short circuit the conflict. Attorneys benefit from early mediation because it helps them settle the cases that can settle. That frees them up to focus on trials for cases that won’t settle.

Here are some ideas for how you can engage the ADR services of a mediator early in your family law case:

Meet and Confer on Steroids.

Every family law attorney is aware of the requirement for the “meet and confer” conference. Too often it’s simply given lip service by a short phone call to opposing counsel without discussing the issues. Because lawyers sometimes give less attention to what needs to happen to settle, the case stalls. Why not have a facilitated meet and confer settlement conference to identify the issues and formulate a plan for a swift conclusion?

Discovery Management.

Often the most expensive part of a case is the discovery, which involves elaborate and arcane procedures to gather as much evidence as possible. Sometimes this is whether the case needs the information or not. The adversarial process spurs less and not more cooperation in discovery. This can lead to months or even years of discovery wars. Why not use a mediator to help “referee” the discovery? Most discovery can be provided informally with much less cost. A mediator can help facilitate the discovery process to specifically target discovery needs and conclude the case with much less rancor and headache for the lawyers and cost to the parties.

Managing the High Conflict Case.

There is a common misconception that people cannot mediate high conflict cases. That’s simply not true. Most high conflict behavior in divorce cases is based on fear and hurt. So, engaging a good mediator early in the process reduces conflict by managing the fight-or-flight response. Court tends to exacerbate and actually encourage high conflict pathologies. Rather than encouraging discord with a fight at court, consider short-circuiting conflict with a mediator experienced in high conflict. Consequently, if parties learn early how to interact productively, it makes the rest of the case go more smoothly.

Use Early Mediation to Resolve Interim Issues.

The terribly backlogged Family Courts sometimes take months to hear even the most routine (and sometimes pressing) interim motions. I can usually help as a mediator to resolve interim questions like support and custody in a fraction of the time and cost compared to filing a Request for Order. Because a mediated settlement conference efficiently resolves interim issues, the parties can relax a little more and focus on concluding the case rather than reacting to interim problems.

Consider a Court-Ordered Family Resolution Plan and Use of ADR Pursuant to Family Code Section 2451.

One little-known provision of the Family Code involves the use of Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) as part of a court-ordered family centered case resolution plan as described in Family Code section 2451. California Rule of Court 5.83 describes how the plan can be implemented. Parties can appoint a case manager as part of the plan and can also apply Code of Civil Procedure section 639 to appoint the case manager as a discovery referee. Further, Family Code section 2451(a)(3) gives protection to attorneys who follow any discovery plans adopted as part of a court-ordered family resolution plan as follows:

“Limitations on discovery, including temporary suspension pending exploration of settlement. There is a rebuttable presumption that an attorney who carries out discovery as provided in a family centered case resolution plan has fulfilled his or her duty of care to the client as to the existence of community property.”

I have used this procedure to great effect. It can do a lot to reduce costs and keep the case moving quickly towards settlement.

Let Us Move Your Case Past Stuck.

Because there are many ADR options beyond an end-of-case settlement conference where a mediator can make a huge difference, the key is to start early. At Weber Dispute Resolution, we have the training, skills, and experience to get your family law case past stuck. That’s because our approach serves to support existing relationships with legal counsel and will not waste family wealth by exacerbating family conflict. Experience first-hand the difference a dolphin lawyer can make.

[i] Certified Specialist – Family Law, The State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization.

"Need

Consider a mediated Settlement Conference with Weber Dispute Resolution. Call us at 858-410-0144 or click the button to learn more.

Early intervention: Why mediation early in a family law case can save a fortune in fees and stress.

by Shawn Weber, JD, CLS-F* | Dec 21, 2023 | Uncategorized

As a certified family law specialist (CLS-F)[i], I have been involved in divorce mediation and alternate dispute resolution (ADR) for more than 15 years. I regularly serve as a pro tem settlement judge on the Mandatory Settlement Conference (MSC) Panel with the San Diego County Superior Court. While I enjoy helping folks through their MSCs, the help is simply too little too late for many people. Often preparation for the MSC is nearly as stressful and costly as preparing for the trial. In addition, lawyers need to certify that discovery is complete and prepare elaborate briefs. Waiting until the very end of a case to attempt mediation does the parties and the professionals a great disservice. I see this in the pained and stressed-out expressions on parties and counsel at the MSCs I facilitate.

There are many options at the beginning of the case to settle issues, manage discovery concerns and resolve unnecessary conflict. Even (and especially) high conflict cases can benefit from earlier intervention with a mediator to short circuit the conflict. Attorneys benefit from early mediation because it helps them settle the cases that can settle. That frees them up to focus on trials for cases that won’t settle.

Here are some ideas for how you can engage the ADR services of a mediator early in your family law case:

Meet and Confer on Steroids.

Every family law attorney is aware of the requirement for the “meet and confer” conference. Too often it’s simply given lip service by a short phone call to opposing counsel without discussing the issues. Because lawyers sometimes give less attention to what needs to happen to settle, the case stalls. Why not have a facilitated meet and confer settlement conference to identify the issues and formulate a plan for a swift conclusion?

Discovery Management.

Often the most expensive part of a case is the discovery, which involves elaborate and arcane procedures to gather as much evidence as possible. Sometimes this is whether the case needs the information or not. The adversarial process spurs less and not more cooperation in discovery. This can lead to months or even years of discovery wars. Why not use a mediator to help “referee” the discovery? Most discovery can be provided informally with much less cost. A mediator can help facilitate the discovery process to specifically target discovery needs and conclude the case with much less rancor and headache for the lawyers and cost to the parties.

Managing the High Conflict Case.

There is a common misconception that people cannot mediate high conflict cases. That’s simply not true. Most high conflict behavior in divorce cases is based on fear and hurt. So, engaging a good mediator early in the process reduces conflict by managing the fight-or-flight response. Court tends to exacerbate and actually encourage high conflict pathologies. Rather than encouraging discord with a fight at court, consider short-circuiting conflict with a mediator experienced in high conflict. Consequently, if parties learn early how to interact productively, it makes the rest of the case go more smoothly.

Use Early Mediation to Resolve Interim Issues.

The terribly backlogged Family Courts sometimes take months to hear even the most routine (and sometimes pressing) interim motions. I can usually help as a mediator to resolve interim questions like support and custody in a fraction of the time and cost compared to filing a Request for Order. Because a mediated settlement conference efficiently resolves interim issues, the parties can relax a little more and focus on concluding the case rather than reacting to interim problems.

Consider a Court-Ordered Family Resolution Plan and Use of ADR Pursuant to Family Code Section 2451.

One little-known provision of the Family Code involves the use of Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) as part of a court-ordered family centered case resolution plan as described in Family Code section 2451. California Rule of Court 5.83 describes how the plan can be implemented. Parties can appoint a case manager as part of the plan and can also apply Code of Civil Procedure section 639 to appoint the case manager as a discovery referee. Further, Family Code section 2451(a)(3) gives protection to attorneys who follow any discovery plans adopted as part of a court-ordered family resolution plan as follows:

“Limitations on discovery, including temporary suspension pending exploration of settlement. There is a rebuttable presumption that an attorney who carries out discovery as provided in a family centered case resolution plan has fulfilled his or her duty of care to the client as to the existence of community property.”

I have used this procedure to great effect. It can do a lot to reduce costs and keep the case moving quickly towards settlement.

Let Us Move Your Case Past Stuck.

Because there are many ADR options beyond an end-of-case settlement conference where a mediator can make a huge difference, the key is to start early. At Weber Dispute Resolution, we have the training, skills, and experience to get your family law case past stuck. That’s because our approach serves to support existing relationships with legal counsel and will not waste family wealth by exacerbating family conflict. Experience first-hand the difference a dolphin lawyer can make.

[i] Certified Specialist – Family Law, The State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization.

"Need

Consider a mediated Settlement Conference with Weber Dispute Resolution. Call us at 858-410-0144 or click the button to learn more.

How can we divide personal property without going crazy?

by Shawn Weber, JD, CLS-F* | Jan 1, 2016 | Uncategorized

Sometimes it is most difficult in divorce cases to divide personal property -the “stuff” accumulated over the years of a relationship. When people share their lives with each other, they also share and accumulate a lot of personal property. Sometimes the task of dividing the household furniture, furnishings and appliances can be a real struggle. Not only can it be difficult to physically divide and value the assets, it can be a real emotional rollercoaster.

I mediated for a divorcing couple recently, who had their most difficult struggles dividing the pots, pans, furniture, washer, dryer, stereo and those little knick-knacks they picked up at the swap meet over the years. Worse they were on the “pack rat” side of things so they accumulated a lot of things together. Each item represented something important. One piece of artwork reminded them of their romantic vacation in Mexico. The silver they had purchased together to celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary. The little statuette on the mantel was a gift from their child. All through the house they saw many symbols of their relationship and all that they had invested in each other. As a result, a task to divide personal property was extremely painful.

Here are some tips to help you divide personal property:

Understand that the court would only award a household asset at garage sale value.

Unless it is a Steinway Grand Piano or a rare piece of artwork, the chances are high that your stuff is not worth nearly what you may think. While you are looking at the values of things, think of what you would, as an objective outsider, pay for the item at a garage sale or a flea market. Be careful not to allow emotions to “inflate” in your mind the value of the flatware or the coffee maker. Yes we know that the teddy bear collection is absolutely adorable, but honestly, what would a third person really want to pay for it. Use common sense and don’t allow your emotions to cloud things for you when you divide personal property.

Do it yourself.

It is really not cost effective to pay your attorney $300 plus per hour to fight about who gets which couch or who gets the bath mat. If it’s a high dollar asset such as expensive artwork or collectable antiques, you may want to use your professionals. But, for most things it makes more sense to save the money and do it yourself.

Do an inventory first.

It’s a good idea early in the process and before you start dividing things to make a list. If time is a problem, I often recommend going through the house with a video camera and speaking about each item as you tape. You can then go make your list later.

Make a list to divide personal property.

In fact, make several lists. I suggest four columns. Column 1 means he gets it. Column 2 means she gets it. Sell everything you list in column three and divide what money you get equally. Column 4 is for those things in your closet to throw away or donate like the polyester suit in the closet, your old beta video tapes or the pile of Louis L’Amour novels that you haven’t read in twenty years. Notice, I am not including a list for items about which you cannot agree. I am a big believer in using the old Solomon method. If you can’t agree on who gets it, then sell it or donate it. You simply can’t afford, for most items, to spend the time arguing and spending money on your attorneys. One idea, if you are stuck, is to just take turns picking items you can’t agree on until they are gone. Another idea is to give extremely sentimental items as gifts to your children.

Make a plan for photographs and videos.

I recommend that you choose a date when each of you will make photographs and videos taken during the marriage available to the other. The person making the photograph or video available will allow the other to choose which ones he or she would like to duplicate. There are services available that can duplicate photographs and even restore some of them for you for a reasonable fee. You can also convert your old vhs to digital so that you both can keep a copy of your videotapes with yourselves. With today’s computers, scanners and printers, you might be able to do a lot of this yourselves. Each of you should share equally in the duplication costs.

Pets, according to the law, are property.

I have had many clients tell me how their pets have become nearly as important to them as children. They are often surprised to learn that the court deals with them not as living things so much as property. Few courts will entertain a pet “custody battle.” Remember, a court has the ability to truly play Solomon with your pets and order them sold. I advise parties to do everything they can to work it out relating to the pets. Do everything possible to consider your pets’ needs and do what is best for them rather than allowing them to become an issue of property division.

Be careful if there is a history of domestic violence.

In cases where there has been domestic violence, sometimes it is difficult to sit together and divide personal property. In such instances, it is probably advisable to go ahead and use your attorney as at least a go between. Naturally, if there are restraining orders in place, it would be impossible to meet face to face. But the same ideas described above apply. It is just you will need to make arrangements to inventory the house without the other being present and with proper legal arrangements. Don’t violate a restraining order just to get some stuff out of the house.

I have had many clients tell me that the process of dividing the personal items was a healthy cleansing process.

One client told me, it was nice to get rid of some of our old, useless stuff and start over for a fresh, clean break. If even after following these steps, a couple still finds it difficult emotionally, I recommend making use of a divorce coach, who can even come to your home while you do the division. Typically using a single divorce coach is much more cost effective than using your attorneys to divide household items.

If both parties approach the task to divide personal property with a fair, patient and open mind they will likely be successful in doing the division with little to no attorney intervention. The court’s are particularly happy when parties can reach agreements on their own. Parties should be careful not to allow the division of things bring unnecessary conflict. Remember, they are just things and not people.

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